Immunizations and Physicals

Immunizations

While infants are protected from certain diseases at birth because of antibodies passed on from the mother, this protection is only temporary. Immunization from these diseases can be achieved through vaccination shots, which use small amounts of killed or weakened microorganisms that cause the disease. This helps our immune system to develop antibodies—much as it would if it was fighting off the true disease—that will protect the patient from this particular illness in the long term.

Some of the vaccines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention include:

• Hepatitis A and B, which protect against these potentially serious liver diseases
• Tetanus, usually in the form of DTaP or Tdap, to protect against this disease that causes pain and muscle stiffness and can be fatal
• Influenza, to protect against developing the flu, must be given annually to vaccinate for the specific strains that are circulating each year

School Physicals

A school physical is a thorough medical examination that is often required for students by state law. Conducted annually, these well-care visits involve taking a detailed medical and family history that is then usually recorded on a form from the school.

The physical examination typically includes:

• Recording height and weight
• Checking blood pressure and pulse
• Vision and hearing tests
• Heart, lungs, abdomen, ear, nose and throat examination
• Evaluating posture, strength and flexibility

If any immunizations are necessary, they may be provided during the school physical as well.

Sports Physicals

A sports physical exam, also known as a preparticipation physical examination (PPE), is a thorough medical examination that determines whether or not it is safe for an athlete to participate in a particular sport. Sports physicals are often required for children and teens before they are allowed to join a team sport and are usually repeated before each season.

A sports physical includes a detailed medical history that is usually on a form filled out prior to the exam. The physical part of the exam includes:

• Recording height and weight
• Checking blood pressure and pulse
• Vision test
• Heart, lungs, abdomen, ear, nose and throat examination
• Evaluating posture, strength and flexibility

Some exams may also require an electrocardiogram or EKG to further measure the heart. The confirmed healthy results ensure that an athlete is physically capable of participating in his or her chosen sport.

Physical Exams

A routine physical exam is recommended at least once each year for patients of all ages. This complete examination allows your doctor to evaluate your body from head to toe for any signs of abnormalities.

Your doctor will usually record your height and weight, pulse, body temperature and blood pressure, as well as examining your:

• Skin
• Head
• Eyes
• Ears
• Nose and sinuses
• Mouth
• Neck
• Back
• Breasts and armpits
• Abdomen
• Rectum and anus
• Reproductive organs
• Legs

Regular exams are important to help detect any problems as early as possible.

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